the world
parameter

the land
'the hard surface of the earth, when compared to the area covered by sea'

the soil
'the substance that plants naturally grow in'

the dust
'dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of matter, found outside or inside buildings'

the mud
'wet earth that has become soft and sticky'

the sand

the mountain or hill

the cliff or precipice
'a high rock with a very steep side (often near the sea)'

the plain
'expanse of level ground, open country'

the valley

the island

the mainland
'the main area of land that forms a country, as compared to islands near it'

the shore
'the land along the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean or a lake'

the cave

the water
‘drinking water’

the sea

calm
'smooth or having only gentle waves'

rough(2)
'with large waves'

the foam

the ocean
'any of the world's major bodies of salt water'; generally larger than 'sea'

the lake

the bay
'an area of the sea that curves inwards towards the land'

the lagoon
'a body of sea water partly or completely separated from the sea by sand, rock etc., generally smaller than a bay’

the reef
'a line mass of sharp rocks, often made of coral, near the surface of the sea'

the cape
'a large piece of land surrounded on three sides by the sea'

the wave

the tide
'the regular rising and lowering of the level of the sea'

the low tide

the high tide

the river or stream

the whirlpool
'a powerful current of water that spins around and can pull things down into it'

the spring or well
'natural (spring) or artificial (well) source of water'

the swamp

the waterfall

the woods or forest

the wood
‘material that people get from trees’

the stone or rock

the earthquake

the sky

the sun

the moon

the star

the lightning

the thunder

the bolt of lightning
'a flash of lightning and a noise of thunder together, which hits something'

the storm

the rainbow

the light

the darkness

the shade or shadow

the dew

the air

the wind

the cloud

the fog

the rain

the snow

the ice

the weather

the fire
‘a fire lit deliberately for heating or cooking’

the flame

the smoke

the ash

the embers
'pieces of wood or coal in a fire that are no longer burning but are still red and very hot'

to burn(1)
'partially or fully destroy with fire'

to burn(2)
'be on fire, be consumed by fire'

to light
'make something burn'

to extinguish

the match
'a small wooden stick used to light a fire'

the firewood

the charcoal

the person
‘human being’

the man
(vs. woman)

the woman

male(1)
(of humans, cf. 3.12)

female(1)
(of humans, cf. 3.13)

the boy

the young man

the girl

the young woman

the child(1)
'young human' (not kinship term) (cf. 2.43)

the baby
‘very young human that cannot walk yet’

the husband

the wife

to marry

the wedding

the divorce

the father

the mother

the parents

the married man

the married woman

the son

the daughter

the porpoise or dolphin

the child(2)
‘immediate descendant, son or daughter’ (kinship term) (cf. 2.27)

the brother

the older brother

the younger brother

the sister

the older sister

the younger sister

the sibling

the twins

the grandfather

the old man

the grandmother

the old woman

the grandson

the granddaughter

the uncle

the mother's brother

the father's brother

the aunt

the mother's sister

the father's sister

the nephew
‘sibling’s son’

the niece
‘sibling’s daughter’

the cousin

the ancestors

the descendants

the father-in-law (of a man)

the father-in-law (of a woman)

the mother-in-law (of a man)

the mother-in-law (of a woman)

the son-in-law (of a man)

the son-in-law (of a woman)

the daughter-in-law (of a man)

the daughter-in-law (of a woman)

the stepfather

the stepmother

the stepson

the stepdaughter

the orphan

the widow

the widower

the relatives

the family
‘group of closely related relatives, consisting minimally of parents and children’

you (singular)

he/she/it
(third person singular pronoun, regardless of gender/sex)

we (inclusive)

we (exclusive)

you (plural)

they

the animal
'living creature that can move (including or excluding humans)'

male(2)
(of animals) cf. 2.23

female(2)
(of animals) cf. 2.24

the livestock
'domestic mammals kept for service or for useful products (cows, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, pigs, reindeer, camels, etc.)'

the pasture
'land or field that is covered with grass and is used for livestock to feed on'

the herdsman
'a man who looks after a herd of animals'

the stable or stall
'building where domestic animals (any kind, not just horses) are kept'

the cattle
'(collection of) domestic bovine animals'

the bull
'male bovine (not castrated)'

the ox
'a castrated bull, often used for working on farms'

the cow
'female bovine'

the calf
'young of a cow'

the sheep

the ram
'male sheep'

the ewe
'female sheep'

the lamb
'young of a sheep'

the boar

the sow
'female pig'

the pig

the goat
'(female or generic) goat'

the he-goat
'male goat'

the kid
'young of a goat'

the horse

the stallion
'male horse'

the mare
'female horse'

the foal or colt
‘the young of horses’

the donkey

the mule
'an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents'

the fowl
'a bird that is kept for its meat and eggs'

the cock/rooster

the hen

the chicken
(Fill in only if there is a general term for 'rooster or hen'.)

the goose
'domesticated goose'

the duck
'domesticated duck'

the nest

the bird

the seagull

the heron

the eagle

the hawk

the vulture

the bat

the parrot

the crow

the dove

the owl

the dog

the rabbit

the cat

the opossum

the mouse or rat

the fish

the fin
'one of the thin body parts that a fish uses to swim'

the scale
'one of the small flat pieces of skin that cover the bodies of fish'

the gill

the shell

the shark

the whale

the stingray

the freshwater eel

the wolf

the lion

the bear

the fox

the deer

the monkey

the elephant

the camel

the insect

the head louse

the nit
'an egg of a louse that is sometimes found in people's hair'

the flea

the centipede

the scorpion

the cockroach

the ant

the spider

the spider web

the bee

the beeswax

the beehive

the wasp

the fly

the sandfly or midge or gnat

the mosquito

the worm

the snake

the firefly

the butterfly

the grasshopper

the snail

the frog

the lizard

the crocodile or alligator

the turtle

the body
‘the body of a live human’

the skin or hide
(skin: of a human; hide: of an animal)

the flesh

the hair
‘hair on a person’s head’

the beard

the body hair

the pubic hair

the dandruff

the blood

the vein or artery

the bone

the rib

the horn
(e.g. of a cow)

the tail

the back
‘the back of a human body’

the spine

the head

the temples
‘the two fairly flat areas on each side of people’s forehead’, or more generally ‘the two sides of people’s head’

the skull

the brain

the face

the forehead

the jaw
‘the lower part of people’s face that moves when they eat’

the cheek

the chin

the eye

the eyebrow

the eyelid

the eyelash

to blink
‘to shut and open one’s eyes quickly’

the ear

the earlobe

the earwax

the nose

the nostril

the nasal mucus

the mouth

the beak

the lip

the tongue

the tooth

the gums

the molar tooth

the neck

the nape of the neck

the throat

the shoulder

the shoulderblade

the collarbone

the arm

the armpit

the elbow

the wrist

the hand

the palm of the hand

the finger

the thumb

the fingernail

the claw
‘the sharp curved nail on the toe of an animal or bird’

the leg

the thigh
‘the top part of the leg, between the knee and the hip’

the calf of the leg

the knee

the foot

the ankle

the heel

the footprint

the toe

the wing

the feather

the chest

the breast
‘the breast of a woman’

the nipple or teat

the udder
‘the part of a cow/female goat/... that hangs down between its back legs and that produces milk’

the navel

the heart

the lung

the liver

the kidney

the spleen

the stomach
(internal organ, not 'belly')

the intestines or guts

the waist

the hip

the buttocks
‘the fleshy part of one’s body that people sit on’

the womb

the testicles

the penis

to breathe

to yawn

to hiccough

to cough

to sneeze

to perspire

to spit

to vomit

to bite

to lick

to dribble
‘to let saliva flow out of one’s mouth onto one’s chin’

to sleep

to snore

to dream

to wake up
(intransitive)

to fart

to piss

to shit

to have sex

to shiver

to bathe

to beget
‘become the father of’

to be born

pregnant

to conceive

to be alive

to die

to drown

to kill

the corpse
'body of a dead human'

to bury
‘bury a dead person’

the grave

strong

weak

healthy

sick/ill

the fever

the goitre/goiter
‘a disease of the thyroid gland that makes one’s neck very swollen’

the cold
‘the common cold’

the wound or sore

the bruise

the swelling

the itch

the blister

the boil
‘a painful infected swelling under someone’s skin’

the pus

the scar

to cure

the physician

the medicine
‘drug, medication’

the poison

tired

to rest

lazy

bald

lame

deaf

mute

blind

drunk
‘intoxicated’

naked

to eat
(transitive)

the food

cooked
(contrasting with 'raw')

raw

ripe

unripe

rotten
(about fruit)

to drink

to be hungry

the famine

to be thirsty

to suck

to chew

to swallow

to choke
'prevent from breathing (not necessarily leading to death)’

to cook

to boil

to roast or fry

to bake
'in an oven, using dry heat' (transitive)

the oven

the pot
'a container used for cooking which is round, deep, and usually made of metal'

the kettle
'a metal container with a lid, a handle, and a spout (= for pouring), used to boil water'

the pan
'a round and relatively flat metal container used for cooking, with one long handle'

the dish
'a relatively flat, round vessel from which food is served on the table'

the plate
'a flat and usually round vessel that you eat from'

the bowl
‘a concave container that is open at the top, usually used to hold food’

the jug/pitcher
'a container for holding and pouring liquids with a handle and a spout'

the cup
‘a drinking vessel not made of glass’

the saucer
'a small dish for placing a cup'

the spoon

the knife(1)
'knife for eating' (as opposed to knife used for preparing food)

the fork
'tool used for picking up and eating food, with a handle and three or four points'

the tongs
'a tool that consists of two movable bars joined at one end, used to pick up an object'

the meal
'an occasion when one eats food, for example breakfast or lunch'

the breakfast
'the meal one has in the morning'

the lunch
'a meal eaten in the middle of the day'

the dinner
'the main meal of the day, eaten in the middle of the day or in the evening'

the supper
'the last meal of the evening'

to peel
'remove the skin from food or vegetables'

to sieve or to strain
'separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through a sieve (= a container with very small holes in it)'

to scrape
'remove something from a surface, using the edge of a knife, stick, etc.'

to stir or to mix

the bread
'a common important food made from flour, water, and yeast'

the dough
'a mixture of flour and water ready to be baked into bread, pastry etc.'

to knead
'press a dough many times with one's hands'

the flour

to crush or to grind
'press [grain] in order to break it into very small pieces or powder'

the mill

the mortar(1)
'a hard bowl in which substances are crushed with a pestle'

the pestle
'a short stick with a heavy round end, used for crushing things in a mortar'

the meat
'the flesh of animals or birds eaten as food'

the sausage

the soup

the vegetables
'an edible plant grown in gardens that is not sweet'

the bean

the potato

the fruit
generic name for tree fruit covering apples, pears, mangos, oranges, etc.

the bunch
'a group of flowers/fruit that are held together'

the fig

the grape

the nut

the olive

the oil
'a smooth, thick liquid made from plants or animals, used especially in cooking'

the grease or fat

the salt

the pepper
'black pepper, a table seasoning produced from the berries of the plant Piper nigrum'

the chili pepper
'the fruit of the plant Capsicum'

the honey

the sugar

the milk

to milk

the cheese

the butter

the drink
'any kind of beverage'

the mead

the wine

the beer

the fermented drink

the egg

the yolk
'the yellow part in the centre of an egg'

to put on

the clothing or clothes

the tailor

the cloth
'woven fabric'

the wool

the linen
'fabric woven of flax'

the cotton

the silk

the felt

the fur

the leather

to spin
'to draw out and twist fiber into thread'

the spindle
'a stick used in spinning fiber into thread'

to weave

the loom

to sew

the needle(1)
(for sewing)

the awl
'pointed tool for marking or piercing wood or leather'

the thread

to dye

the cloak

the poncho

the ladder

the (woman's) dress
'garment worn by women over the torso extending to the legs'

the coat

the shirt

the collar

the skirt

the grass-skirt

the trousers

the sock or stocking

the shoe

the boot

the shoemaker

the hat or cap

the belt

the glove

the veil

the pocket
(in a garment)

the button

the pin

the ornament or adornment

the jewel

the ring
(for finger)

the bracelet

the necklace

the bead

the earring

the headband or headdress

the tattoo

the handkerchief or rag

the towel

the comb

the brush

the plait/braid
‘a length of hair that has been separated into three parts and then woven together’

the razor

the ointment

the soap

the mirror

to live
'dwell, reside'

the house

the hut

the garden-house

the tent

the yard or court
‘enclosed area atttached to a house, whether outside or an inner court’

the men's house

the cookhouse

the meeting house

the room

the door or gate

the doorpost
= ‘jamb, side post of a door’

the lock

the latch or door-bolt

the key

the window

the floor

the wall

the fireplace

the stove

the chimney

the bed

the pillow

the blanket

the chair

the table

the lamp or torch

the candle

the shelf
‘a long flat narrow board fixed onto a wall or in a frame or cupboard, used for putting things on or stroing things on’

the trough
‘a long narrow open container that holds water or food for animals’

the roof

the thatch
‘natural roofing material such as straw, reeds, leaves, etc.’

the ridgepole
'the highest horizontal beam in a roof'

the rafter
'a horizontal beam that supports the roof'

the beam

the post or pole
= ‘a strong upright piece of wood, metal etc. that is fixed into the ground, especially to support something’

the board

the arch

the mason

the brick

the mortar(2)
'a mixture of lime, sand and water, used in building for joining bricks or stones together'

the adobe
‘earth and straw that are made into bricks for building houses’

the farmer

the field
(for cultivation)

the garden

to cultivate

the fence

the ditch
‘a long narrow hole cut into the ground at the side of a field, road etc., especially for water to flow through’

to plough/plow

the furrow

to dig

the spade
'tool with handle and blade used for digging in the ground'

the shovel
'tool with handle and scoop for lifting and throwing material such as soil'

the hoe
'tool with handle and blade with two or more prongs used for weeding, raking, etc.'

the fork(2)/pitchfork

the rake

to sow

the seed

to mow

the sickle or scythe

to thresh

the threshing-floor

the harvest

the grain
(barley, oats, etc.)

the wheat

the barley

the rye

the oats

the maize/corn

the rice
‘cooked rice as a meal’

the grass

the hay

the plant

to plant

the root

the branch

the leaf

the flower

the tree

the oak

the beech

the birch

the pine

the fir

the acorn

the vine

the tobacco

to smoke
‘to smoke a cigarette’

the pipe
(for smoking)

the tree stump

the tree trunk

the forked branch

the bark

the sap

the palm tree

the coconut
(fruit, not tree)

the citrus fruit

the banana

the banyan

the sweet potato

the yam

the cassava/manioc
(the tuber, rather than its plant or products)

the gourd

the pumpkin or squash

the bamboo

the sugar cane

the fish poison
(in Amazonia, a kind of root is apparently used as fish poison)

the nettle

the mushroom

to do
(pure action meaning)

the work

to bend

to fold

to tie

to untie

the chain

the rope

the knot

to strike or hit or beat

to pound
‘with fist’

to cut

to cut down

to chop

to stab

the knife(2)
'knife for preparing food'

the scissors or shears

the axe/ax

the adze
'a sharp tool with the blade at a right angle to the handle, used to shape pieces of wood'

to break

broken
'out of order, not working'

to split

to tear
'damage [paper/cloth] by pulling it too hard'

the statue

to skin
'strip or pull off the skin or hide of'

to rub

to stretch
'make [something elastic] bigger or looser by pulling it'

to pull
'use one's hand to make something move towards one or in the direction that one is moving'

to spread out

to hang up

to press
'push something firmly against a surface'

to squeeze
'press something tightly'

to pour

to wash

to sweep
'clean the dust/dirt from the floor/ground using a broom'

the broom
'a large brush with a long handle, used for sweeping floors'

the tool
'an artifact (such as a hammer, a saw or a screwdriver) held in one's hand to help one in performing a particular job'

the carpenter
'someone whose job is making and repairing wooden objects'

to build

to bore
'make a deep round hole in a hard surface'

to hollow out
'make a hole or empty space by removing the inside part of something'

the saw

the hammer

the nail
'a thin pointed piece of metal which one forces into a piece of wood with a hammer to fasten the wood to something else'

the glue
'a sticky substance used for joining things together'

the blacksmith

to forge
'make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it'

the anvil
'a heavy iron block on which pieces of metal are shaped using a hammer'

to cast
'form metal objects by pouring the molten metal into molds'

the gold

the silver

the copper

the iron

the lead
(a kind of metal)

the tin or tinplate

the potter

to mould/mold
'form articles from clay or other plastic material by molding with the hands'

the clay

the glass
(the substance, not the drinking vessel)

to weave or plait/braid
‘weave (a basket) or plait/braid (someone’s hair)’

the basket

the mat
'a small piece of thick rough material which covers part of the floor'

the rug
'a piece of thick cloth or wool that is smaller than a carpet and is put on the floor as decoration'

the netbag
'bag made of net used in Papua to carry things’

the fan

to fan

to carve
'cut shapes out of wood or stone'

the sculptor

the beach

the chisel
'a metal tool with a sharp edge, used to cut wood or stone'

the paint
'a liquid that one puts on a surface to make it a particular colour'

to paint
'put paint on a surface'

to move

to turn

to turn around

to wrap

to roll

to drop

to twist

to rise

to raise or lift

to fall

to drip

to throw

to catch

to shake

to flow

to sink

to float

to swim

to dive

to splash

to sail

to fly

to blow

to crawl

to kneel
'to get down on one's knees'

to crouch
‘lower one’s body close to the ground by bending one’s knees completely’

to slide or slip

to jump

to kick

to dance

to walk

to limp

to run

to go

to go up

to climb

to go down

to go out

to come

to come back

to leave
(intransitive) ‘depart, go away’

to disappear

to flee

to follow

to pursue

to arrive

to approach

to enter

to carry

to carry in hand

to carry on shoulder

to carry on head

to carry under the arm

to bring

to send

to lead

to drive

to ride

to push

the road

the path

the bridge

the cart or wagon

the wheel

the axle

the yoke

the ship

the boat

the canoe

the outrigger

the raft

the oar

the paddle

to row

the rudder

the mast

the sail

the anchor

the port
(= harbour)

to land

to have
'have temporarily (including things that one does not strictly speaking possess)'

to own
'possess, have permanently as legal possession'

to take
'seize a concrete object in the hand and hold it'

to grasp
'take and hold something firmly with one's hands'

to hold
'to have something in one's hand or arms'

to get
'come into possession of something' (neutral between ‘obtain’ and ‘receive’)

to keep
'retain, remain in possession of something'

the thing
'concrete object of any kind'

to give
'physical transfer of an object with one's hands that passes into possession of the recipient'

to give back
'give something that was earlier in the recipient's possession'

to preserve
‘save something/someone from being harmed or destroyed’

the coal

to rescue
'make someone safe from danger or harm'

to destroy
'damage something so badly that it cannot be repaired or so that it no longer exists'

to injure
'to cause bodily harm'

to look for

to find

to lose

to let go
‘stop holding something/someone’

the money

the coin

rich

poor

the beggar

stingy

to lend

to borrow

to owe

the debt
'sum of money that one owes'

to pay

the bill
‘written list showing how much a customer has to pay’

the tax

to hire
‘employ’

the wages
'the money a worker receives for the work done'

to earn
'receive [money] for regular work'

to buy

to sell

to trade or barter

the merchant
'someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities'

the market
(place)

the shop/store

the price

expensive

cheap

to share
'let someone have part of something that belongs to oneself'

to weigh
'have a certain weight'

after

behind

beside

down

before

in front of

inside

outside

under

the place

the constellation

to put

to sit

to lie down

to stand

to remain

the remains

to gather

to pick up

to pile up

to join

to separate

to divide

to open

to shut

to cover

to hide
‘conceal’ (transitive)

high

low

the top

the bottom

the end(1)
(spatial)

pointed

the edge

the side

the middle
center

right(1)

left

near
(adverb)

far

the east

the west

the north

the south

to grow

to measure

the fathom
‘a unit of length (originally outstretched arms), equal to about 1.8 metres’

big

small

long

tall

short

wide

narrow

thick
(in dimension; as opposed to thick in density, e.g. thick soup, hair)

thin
(in dimension; as opposed to thin in density, e.g. thin soup, hair)

deep

shallow

flat

straight

crooked
(opposite of straight)

the hook

the corner

the cross

the square

round

the circle

the ball
‘sphere’

the line

the hole

similar

to change

zero

one

two

three

four

five

six

seven

eight

nine

ten

eleven

twelve

fifteen

twenty

a hundred

a thousand

to count
'count objects in a set in order to determine the total'

all
'the complete set of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun)

many
'a large number of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun)

more
'a larger number of'

few
'a large number of'

enough

some
'a certain number of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun)

the crowd
'a large number of people in one place'

full

empty

the part

the half
'either of the two equal parts into which something is divided'

only

first

last

second

the pair
'two things of the same kind that are used together'

twice/two times

third

three times

the time

the age
‘time of life’

new

young

old

early

late

now

immediately

fast
‘quickly’ (adverb)

slow

to hurry

to be late
to tarry

to begin

to last
‘take up’

the end(2)
(temporal)

to finish

to cease
‘to stop doing something’

ready

always

often

sometimes

soon

for a long time

never

again

the day(1)
(as opposed to 'night')

the night

the dawn

the morning

the midday

the afternoon

the evening

today

tomorrow

the day after tomorrow
(adverbial use)

yesterday

the day before yesterday

the hour

the clock

the week

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

the month

the year

the winter

the spring(2)

the summer

the autumn/fall

the season

to smell(1)
'(intransitive) to have a particular smell'

wrinkled

to sniff
'to inhale through one's nose in order to smell something'

to smell(2)
'(transitive) to notice a particular smell'

fragrant
‘good smelling’

stinking
‘bad smelling’

to taste
'have a particular taste'

sweet

salty

bitter

sour

brackish
brackish water: 'water that is not pure but is slightly salty'

to hear

to listen
'pay attention to a sound that one can hear'

the sound or noise
'something that one can hear'

loud

quiet
'not making much noise'

to see

to look

to show

to shine

bright
'having a lot of light'

the colour/color

light(2)
(as opposed to dark)

dark

white

black

red

blue

green

yellow

to touch
'put one's hand on something/someone so that one can feel them'

to pinch
'press a part of someone's flesh very tightly between one's finger and thumb (so that it hurts)'

to feel
'touch something to get a tactile perception of it'

hard
'difficult to press down, break or cut'

soft
'not hard, easy to press/break/cut'

rough(1)
'having an uneven surface'

smooth
'completely even/flat, so that the hand moves easiy over it'

sharp

blunt

heavy

light(1)
(in weight)

wet
'covered in or full of liquid'

dry
'without water or liquid inside or on the surface'

hot

warm

cold

clean

dirty

the soul or spirit

surprised or astonished

the good luck

the bad luck

happy

to laugh

to smile

to play

to love

to kiss

to embrace

the pain

the grief

the anxiety

to regret or be sorry

the pity

to cry
‘to weep’

the tear

to groan

to hate

the anger

the envy or jealousy

the shame

proud

to dare

brave

the fear

the danger

to want
‘to desire’

to choose

to hope

faithful

true

to lie(2)
‘tell lies’

the deceit

to forgive

good

bad

right(2)
‘correct’

wrong

the fault

the mistake

the blame

the praise

beautiful

ugly

greedy

clever

the mind
'the seat of intelligence (as opposed to 'heart’ or 'soul’ as the seat of emotions)'

to think(1)
‘reflect’

to think(2)
‘be of the opinion’

to believe
'be sure that someone is telling the truth'

to understand

to know

to guess

to imitate

to seem

the idea

wise

stupid

mad
‘insane’

to learn

to study

to teach

the pupil

the teacher

the school

to remember

to forget

clear
‘clear to the mind’ (the opposite of ‘obscure’)

obscure
‘obscure to the mind’

secret

certain

to explain

the intention

the cause

the doubt

to suspect

to betray

the need or necessity

easy

difficult

to try
‘to attempt (to do something)’

the manner
‘the way in which something is done or happens’

and

because

yes

how?

how many?

how much?

what?

when?

where?

which?

who?

why?

the voice

to sing

to shout

to whisper

to mumble
‘to say something too quietly and not clearly enough, so that it is difficult or impossible to hear’

to whistle

to shriek
‘to make a very high, loud sound’

to howl
‘(dog/wolf/other mammal:) to make a long, loud sound’

to speak or talk

to stutter or stammer

to say

to tell
‘tell (a story)’

the speech
‘oration’

to be silent

the language

the word

the name

to ask(1)
‘ask a question, inquire’

to answer

to admit

to deny

to ask(2)
‘ask for something, request’

to promise

to refuse

to forbid

to scold
‘to rebuke’

to call(1)
‘to summon’

to call(2)
‘to give a name’

to announce

to threaten

to boast

to write

to read

the paper

the pen

the book

the poet

the flute

the drum

the horn or trumpet

the rattle
‘a wooden instrument that makes a loud knocking noise [used by people watching football games]’

the country

the native country

the town
‘an urban settlement’

the village
‘a rural settlement’

the boundary

the people
'the populace, the inhabitants of a country (as opposed to the ruling class)'

the clan
‘extended family’

the chieftain
'leader/ruler of a tribe/clan'

the walking stick

to rule or govern

the king

the queen
'female monarch', not 'king's wife'

the noble

the citizen

the master
as opposed to 'slave, servant'

the slave

the servant

the freeman

to command or order
'tell someone to do something, using one's authority or power'

to obey

to permit

the friend

the enemy

the neighbour

the stranger
'someone whom one does not know'

the guest

the host

to help

to prevent

the custom

the quarrel

the plot
‘conspiracy’

to meet

the prostitute

to fight

the war or battle

the peace

the army
‘military forces’

the soldier

the weapons

the club
‘large stick used as weapon’

the battle-axe

the sling

the bow
'used to shoot arrows'

the arrow
'used as a weapon'

the spear

the sword
'metal weapon with a handle, blade , and sheath'

the gun
‘rifle’

the armour
‘metal or leather clothing worn by soldiers in former times to protect their body’

the helmet

the shield

the fortress

the tower

the victory

the defeat

the attack

to defend

to retreat

to surrender

the captive or prisoner

the guard

the booty

the ambush

the fisherman

the fishhook

the fishing line

the fishnet

the fish trap

the bait

to hunt

to shoot

to miss
‘miss a target’

the trap

to trap

the law
'a rule that people in a particular country (or administrative area) must obey'

the court
'(the judge and/or the jury in a) place where all the information concerning a crime is given so that it can be judged'

to adjudicate
'decide whether someone is guilty of a crime in court'

the judgment
'official decision given by a judge or a court of law'

the judge

the plaintiff

the defendant

the witness

to swear
'make a public official promise, especially in a court of law'

the oath
'act of swearing'

to accuse

to condemn
to find guilty or to sentence

to convict
‘to find guilty’

to acquit

guilty

innocent

the penalty or punishment

the fine

the prison

the murder
'the crime of deliberately killing someone'

the adultery

the rape

the arson
‘deliberately setting fire to something to cause damage’

the perjury

to steal

the thief

the religion

the god

the temple
‘general term for house of worship’

the altar
‘a raised place on which religious rites are performed’

the sacrifice
‘ritual killing of an animal’

to worship
‘to perform a rite in honor of a deity’

to pray
‘to ask a deity for something’

the priest
‘clergy of any religion’

holy

to preach

to bless

to curse

to fast
‘to refrain from eating’

the heaven
‘the abode of deities’

the hell

the demon
‘evil spirit’

the idol
‘statue of a deity’

the magic

the sorcerer or witch

the fairy or elf

the ghost

the omen

the radio

the television

the telephone

the motorcycle

the car
‘motor vehicle’

the bus

the airplane

the electricity

the battery

the hospital

the nurse

the pill or tablet

the injection
(of liquid drugs into the body)

the tap/faucet

the sink
‘washbasin’

the toilet

the mattress

the government

the president

the minister
'political (not religious)'

the police

the driver's license

the crime

the election

the post/mail

the postage stamp

the letter
‘epistula’

the bank
‘financial institution’

the tin/can
‘hermetically sealed metal container for preserved food’

the screw

the screwdriver

the bottle
‘glass container for liquids with narrow neck’

the candy/sweets

the spectacles/glasses

the plastic

the bomb

the workshop
‘small factory’

the cigarette

the calendar

the film/movie
movie

the music

the song

the newspaper

the address

the number

the train

the birth certificate

to brake
(when driving a vehicle)

the petroleum

the motor

the machine

the bicycle

the street

to liberate

to invite

the license plate

the postcard

to be

to become

without

through

same

not

this

that

here

there

other

the vagina
‘the passage from a woman’s outer sexual organs to her womb’

the tea

the coffee

next

the coyote

the hare

the quail

the raccoon

the squirrel

the reindeer/caribou

the elk/moose

the beaver

the sledge/sled

the lasso

the larch
a tree (Larix) of the pine family

the needle(2)
‘needle of coniferous tree’

the arctic lights
‘aurora borealis’

the sinew or tendon

to tan
‘to make animal skin into leather by by treating it with tannin (=a kind of acid)’

the snowshoe

the circumcision

the initiation ceremony

the cone
‘fruit of a pine or fir tree’

the body louse

the vulva
‘the outer part of a woman’s sexual organs’

the tapir

the whetstone

the tumpline
'a strap slung over the forehead or chest used (especially by native Americans) for carrying packs or loads'

the camp

the digging stick (=yamstick)

the cormorant
(Phalacrocorax etc)

the prawns or shrimp

the termites
(Isoptera)

the tick
(Phthiraptera)

the boomerang

the kangaroo

the anteater

the toucan

the jaguar

the manioc bread

the hammock

the millet or sorghum

the chameleon

to draw water

the peg

to go or return home

the buffalo

the savanna
'a large open grassland in tropical and subtropical regions'

the steam

the older sibling

the younger sibling

the grandparents

the grandchild

the sibling’s child

the parents-in-law

the child-in-law

the sibling-in-law

she

the life

the carcass
'body of a dead animal'

the disease

the padlock

the paddy
'wet land in which rice is grown'

to damage

above

the piece

alone

the beginning
beginning

the day(2)
(unit of time, 24 hours)

the church
‘a Christian house of worship’

the mosque
‘a Muslim house of worship’

nothing

dead

to scratch
‘to scratch an itch’

to make
‘produce by working’

the belly

to wipe

to freeze

with

the jade or jadeite

the loam
a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials

the river

the river mouth

the short dry season

the spring

to blaze

to melt

step-

the co-father-in-law
the father-in-law of ego’s child

the co-mother-in-law
the mother-in-law of ego’s child

the father-in-law

the German

the Hungarian

the lover

the mother-in-law

the non-Gypsy

the parent’s elder brother

the parent’s elder sister

the parent’s younger brother

the parent’s younger sister

the Slovak

the spouse

the stepchild

the Vlax Gypsy

the agouti
A burrowing rodent of the genus Dasyprocta, native to tropical America and usually having brown fur streaked with gray

the amphibian

the Andean guinea pig
It is raised for food, medicine and ritual in the Andes

the Andean owl

the armadillo

the bandicoot

the barn owl

the bustard

the capibara
A large semiaquatic rodent (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) of tropical South America

the caterpillar

the codfish

the condor

the herd

the hocco
the crested curassow, also called royal pheasant

the humming bird

the ibis

the iguana

the jabiru
k.o. bird

the kingfisher

the louse

the Maine lobster

the male pig

the marail

the mole

the paca
A large nocturnal burrowing rodent of the genus Cuniculus, found in South and Central America

the sleepyhead bird

the partridge

the pet

the piranha

the plover

the pouched marmot

the prairie dog

the roadrunner

the skunk

the songbird

the sparrow

the tiger

the trumpeter bird

barefoot

swollen

the canine tooth

the cholesterol

the dribble

the fist

the lap

the metabolism

the saliva

the scabies

the strength

the umbilical cord

to itch

the fig tree

sated
satiated, full up

the soy sauce

the ayahuasca
a psychoactive infusion prepared from the Banisteriopsis spp

the bacon

the biscuit

the brandy

the cabbage

the cassava flour

the cream

the Japanese fish cake

the jelly

the manioc juice

the mochi

the ramen noodles
called 'saimin' in Hawaii

the rice ball or musubi

the roasted cassava meal

the smoked food

the tamale

the tofu or bean curd

the tortilla

the vinegar

the bag

the fringe

the leg band

the pompom

the sandal

the sleeve

the smock

the style or fashion

to wear

the bench

the case

the griddle

the guestroom

the mosquito net

the roof tile

the almond

the amomum
a genus of plants in the ginger family

the anatto
a derivative of the achiote trees of tropical regions of the Americas, used to produce a red food coloring

the Andean weed

the apple

the ash tree

the black tree dye

the broccoli

the bromelia

the carrot

the cashew

the Chinese rice flower
(Aglaia odorata), a shrub or small tree in the mahogany family, from south China and Indo-China, grown ornamentally for the handsome leaves and fragrant flowers, which are tiny, round, and yellow; clusters of them are used for leis

the coniferous tree

the cottontree

the creeper
specifically, an odorant plant that gorws in the bleak plateaus. sp. Micromeria nubigena.

the mortiño
Vaccinium mortinia, a dark red berry

the dung

the guava

the jarilla

the jowar
Sorghum is a genus of numerous species of grasses, some of which are raised for grain and many of which are used as fodder plants

the kohlrabi

the liana

the lima beans

the lupin
any plant of the genus Lupin; bearing erect spikes of usually purplish-blue flowers

the mamuelchoique
k.o. shrub

the mango

the mangrove

the melon

the millet

the onion

the orange

the pea

the pear

the pineapple

the plum

the reed

the rubber tree

the sensitive mimosa

the straw

the sugar beet

the tar
‘pitch/sap from coniferous trees’

the taro

the tree dye

the turnip

the vetch
Any of various herbs of the genus Vicia, having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small, variously colored flowers.

the watermelon

the whip

the wild maize

the willow

the woody shrub
Plant whose wood is used for building huts

the yerba mate
k.o. leaves that are dried and made into an infusion like tea

to grow(2)
to cause to grow [a plant] (transitive)

to pick

to raise
to breed and care for to maturity (transitive)

the barrel

the basketry

the bucket

the cable

the canvas sheet

the corrugated iron

the deck

the drill

the file

the harbour

the harpoon

the hearthstones

the manioc squeezer

the pencil

the rust

the sack

the scraper

the skin bag
for carrying water

the slap

the spur

the string or cord

the trail

the well

the wharf

the wheelbarrow

to barbecue

to close

to draw

to dwell

to go away

to muddle

to prepare

to smear

to support

to accompany

to carry on the back

to dip

to give a ride
on a horse

to pass

to step

to wait

for free
gratis

the card

the gift

the property

the string instrument

to be worth

to receive

apart

back

a little

distributive numeral marker

each or every

the centigram
A metric unit of mass equal to one hundredth (10) of a gram.

the yard
unit of measurement

thirty

to fill

to substitute

Chinese New Year

long ago

New Year
holiday

the period

the time(2)
the recurring occasion on which something happens

brown

grey

orange
colour term

pink

the trace

violet

better
comparative of ‘good’

in vain

thank you!

the evil

the mood

the trouble

to be ashamed

to be glad

to complain

to enthuse

to look forward

to praise

voluptuous

wild

worse
comparative of ‘bad’

on purpose

the possibility

the same

the scarcity

the state
the condition in which sth. or s.o. exists at a given time

the study

to doubt

the fairy tale

the hieroglyph or hieroglyphics

the joke

the poem

the upper case or capital letter

the violin

the violin player

to chat

to greet

to spell

to thank

to ululate

Arabia

Australia

China

Egypt

free

Greece

India

Madagascar

Rarotonga

Sir
epithet that precedes male given names

Spain

the Brazilian

the certificate
a document issued by some authority and given to s.o. as a proof of sth.

the Chinese person

the communal labour

the European
pejorative

the Creole or black person

the fool

the foreman

the French person

the government document

the hermit

the hockey

the layman

the mixed-race Kali’na

the partner

the policeman

the power

the settlement

the small change
coins

the socialism

the sport

the student

the vote or ballot or pole

to commit a crime

to quarrel

to respect

to retire

to say goodbye

the cutlass
k.o. short sword

the force

the game animal

the letterwood bow

the warship

to attack

to fish

to win

the lawyer

the verdict

Christ

Christmas

Easter
term used by Catholics

the bishop
term used by Episcopalians

the funeral

the holiday
‘a religious feast day’

the hymn

the lent

the Muslim

the rosary

the shaman

the shaman’s spirit

the shamanistic song

the woman’s rattle

the license
the permission issued by some authority to legalize a certain state or recurring action

and or but

can
be able to

hey!
(address particle)

(interrogative)
The word is used in the interrogation and indicates doubt

let
optative particle

(negative marker)

neither

nor
second part of the complex coordinating conjunction ‘neither – nor’

someone

(superlative marker)

then

they (dual)

we (dual inclusive)

which
relative particle

you (dual)

the chipmunk

mate